Index of Refraction Calculator: Determine Optical Density (n)

Calculate the Refractive Index (n₂)

The refractive index of the first medium (e.g., Air: 1.0003, Vacuum: 1.0).
The angle at which light strikes the boundary, measured from the normal.
The angle at which light bends into the second medium, measured from the normal.

Our Index of Refraction Calculator helps you quickly find the refractive index (n₂) of a second medium. By inputting the index of the first medium (n₁) and both the angle of incidence (θ₁) and refraction (θ₂), this tool applies Snell's Law to determine how light bends, revealing the optical density of various materials for physics and optics studies.

Formula:

Snell's Law Formula

The Index of Refraction Calculator utilizes Snell's Law, which describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction when light passes through a boundary between two different isotropic media, and the refractive indices of those media.

The formula for calculating an unknown index of refraction (n2) is:

n2 = n1 * sin(θ1) / sin(θ2)

  • n1: Index of refraction of the first medium (dimensionless)
  • θ1 (theta 1): Angle of incidence (in degrees)
  • θ2 (theta 2): Angle of refraction (in degrees)
  • n2: Index of refraction of the second medium (dimensionless)

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